The block diagram defines the internal structure of the module with pins and the antenna properly. To create mesh Star topology or Mesh network SX1278 is reliable.The commercial meter also communicates with the R long-range RF module.within IoT communication, the module SX1278 is the best option. In Agriculture due to the requirement of long-range and communication SX1278 is vasty available in most of the projects.The long-range and successful operating ability of the module makes it suitable for every commercial product.The SX1278 supports the Super Anti Jamming Channel at 56db.The multiple signals can transmit though the same channel without affecting each other.In the module the user ca decide about error correction rate, spreading factor and bandwidth also.It uses the 256-bit FIFO method for transmitting the data.The range of the module is 5-10KM which makes it suitable for both industrial and commercial levels.The device is a TLL base device and requires 3.3V to operate.It operates at 433MHz frequency and uses the half-duplex method for SPI communication.The SX1278 uses the LoRa Spectrum modem which can achieve the long-range through from the existing FSK or OOK modulation systems can achieve.The device has an external antenna for communication which extends the range of the module and the Semtech the official company made it.The module method it can choose is, GFSK, FSK, OOK, and GMSK.It can use different modulations methods on the base of the existing environment.The module SX1278 can send the data in nonblocking mode easily.Everything comes within a single SX1278 module. These features donвЂ™t require any special external module or hardware. The features of SX1278 are mostly related to modern communication methods and it also has the solution to most of the problems a designer could every face in RF communication. We will see an example of Arduino interfacing at the end. We can use ths pins to communicate or interface with any microcontroller such as microcontroller, Arduino Uno.

Pin12-15 are pinouts for SPI communication. Therefore, in the SPI, the NSS pin will perform that function. Pin 15 NSS In SPI communication a chip select/enable pin will help to activate the slave. So, this pin will receive the data from Arduino. It means through MISO pin data will transfer from Module to the Microcontrollers/Arduino Pin 14 MOSI MOSI means Master out Slave In. In the case of SX1278, the master will be the controller and slave will be the module.

Pin 13 MISO MISO means Master in and Slave out.

Pin 6 DIO1 Pin 7 DIO2 Pin 8 DIO3 Pin 10 DIO4 Pin 11 DIO5 Pin 12 SCK SCK pin is for the clock pulse during the SPI communication. The pin DIO0 is customizable as an interrupt pin. Pin 5 DIO0 To perform the general, I/O function through module the DIO pins will help. Pin 4 RESET Pin 4 is to reset the module through an external signal. Pin 3 3.3V To power up the device pin 3 will help for power input. Pin 2, 9, 16 GND Ground pin of common ground with power supply and controllers. All pins of SX1278 LoRa module are: PINS DETAILS Pin 1 ANT This pin is to attach to the antenna. For communication, specific pins will help but other pins also have some usage.

Arduino uno pinout sheet